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Kirsten
Petersen
© 2008
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Ingres,
Jean Auguste Dominique
(1780-1867). French painter primarily of
portraits, and also historical- and religious motifs and bathers, a theme which was one of his favorites.
He was a pupil of Jacques
Louis David, and opposed to the Romanticism of Eugène
Delacroix.
He was
born in Montauban as the son of a less known painter and sculptor. In 1791 he had
academic training at the "Academy of art" in Toulouse. He went
to Paris in 1797 and entered David's studio. He won the Prix
de Rome in 1801 and went to Italy in 1806, where he remained until 1824. In 1820 he moved from Rome to Florence, working mainly on his
"Vow of Louis XIII", commissioned for the cathedral of
Montauban.
In 1824 he returned to France and remained in
Paris for the rest of his life, aside from a period in Rome as director
of the French Academy from 1834-41.
Paintings in the Louvre Museum in Paris: "The Turkish Bath",
1859-63. "The Grand Odalisque", 1814, the elongated limbs were
reminiscent of the mannerist painters. "The Apotheosis of
Homer" for
a ceiling in the Museum, 1827.
"The Dream of Ossian", 1813 (The Ingres Museum). "The Martyrdom of St. Symphorian", 1834 (the cathedral of
Autun).
At his death he left a bequest of his work to his home town of Montauban, consisting of
several paintings and more than 4000 drawings, now housed in The Ingres
Museum in the old Episcopal palace. (Neo-Classicism)
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| "The
Source",
1856, Musee d'Orsay, Paris |
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| "Mademoiselle
Rivière", 1805, Louvre, Paris |
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| "Half-figure
of a Bather", 1807 |
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"Iron
Gates". Exhibition of haute couture by Erik
Mortensen, (The house of Pierre Balmain), August
1989, at North Jutlands Museum of Art, Aalborg, Denmark
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Jacobsen, (Julius
Tommy) Robert (1912-1993).
Danish self-taught sculptor and painter. He was born in Copenhagen,
and he died in Taagelund near Egtved in South Jutland. Jacobsen acquired
international fame with his black abstract iron sculptures - in some of
his paintings the shapes of his sculptures can be recognized on coloured
backgrounds - black contours and shapes are characterizing his paintings.
About 1930 he executed his first wood sculptor, and in 1935 his first
so-called dolls were made - imaginative abstractions made of scrap iron. In the early 1940s
he created his fable beings in granite and sandstone. In 1947 he moved to
Paris together with Richard
Mortensen, at Galeri
Denise René they came into contact with other artists such as Arp, Dewasne,
Vasarely and
Poliakoff. Jacobsen began working
with iron, it was cheaper and more flexible than stone.
In the 1960's Jacobsen created his so-called Personages and reliefs in
wood and metal. In 1966 he represented Denmark at the Venice Biennale,
and together with the French sculptor Etienne Martin, he was awarded the
sculpture prize. In 1969 he returned to Denmark and settled in Taagelund.
In the 1970s he created a number of sculptures (small set designs).
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"The
Seven Axles", 1987, group of sculptures at Axeltorv,
Copenhagen |
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Late in life
he created monumental sculptures - seem to be syntheses of earlier works. Together with his former student, the French Land Art artist Jean
Clareboudt, he executed a sculpture park in Toerskind gravel pit near
Egtved - the park was inaugurated in 1991. Jacobsen was a collector of African sculptures, which to him expressed
the true creative power.
In 1980 he was decorated as a "Knight of the French Legion of
Honour".
From 1962-82 he was professor in the art of sculpture at the Munich
Academy, and from 1976-83 professor at the The Royal Danish Academy of
Fine Arts. (Abstract)
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Jorn, (Joergensen)
Asger (1914-1973).
Danish painter, ceramic artist, writer and book illustrator of
e.g. his brother Joergen
Nash's poems. Jorn var born Asger Oluf Joergensen in Vejrum near
Struer, in Westjutland, and he died in Aarhus and was buried in
Grötlingbo, Gotland, Sweden.
Jorn's parents were school teacher's, his father Lars Peter died in 1926,
and his mother Maren raised their six children on her own. In 1929 the
family moved to Silkeborg, Jorn became student teacher. He came into contact with the syndicalist Christian
Christensen, a acquaintance which harden his attitude to politics, periodically
Jorn was a member of the Communist Party. In 1932 Jorn met the painter
Martin Kaalund Joergensen, who prompted him to paint, and invited him to
participate with the group "Free Jutlandic
painters" in Silkeborg in 1933. After finishing his school teacher
education,
he decided to become an artist, and in 1936 he went to Paris, where he was
apprenticed to Fernand Léger
from 1936-37, in Legér's studio he met his lifelong collaborator the French artist
Pierre
Wemaëre. From 1937-39 he studied at
the Copenhagen Royal Academy of Fine Arts. From 1956 he lived alternately
in Paris and in Albisola in Northern Italy. Jorn started as a naturalistic painter, about 1935 he became Cubist, and
from 1938-39, influenced by Miró, he had a surrealistic abstract period.
About 1940 he got closer the figurative language, which he became best
known for.
He experimented with e.g. collages, tachism and the graphic arts.
During World War II Jorn remained in Danmark. In 1941 he was co-founder of "Helhesten", a
periodical for
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Silkeborg Art Gallery, Denmark,
houses
many of Jorn's works and his collection of Danish and
foreign works of art. |
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Hoestudstillingen's (the Autumn Exhibition's) abstract expressionistic
painters. In 1946 he changed his last name to Jorn. Together with Belgian and Dutch painters Jorn was
co-founder of
the CoBrA movement.
His first solo exhibition in Paris took place in 1948 at
the Galerie Breteau.
In 1951 Jorn suffered from
tuberculosis, and during his stay at Silkeborg Sanatorium, he painted "Livshjulet"
(The Wheel of Life), The Danish National Gallery, Copenhagen. In 1953 he went on a long journey
to Switzerland, and the following year he went to Albisola,
where he worked with ceramics together with Appel and
Corneille.
In 1954 he was a founder of "Internationale
pour un Bauhaus
Imaginiste" (International movement
for an imaginist Bauhaus). Jorn's
revolutionary engagement found expression in the painting "Stalingrad",
1957, Silkeborg Museum of Art - exhibited 1968 in Havanna, Cuba. In |
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1958
he got his breakthrough at the world exhibition in Brussels with his
"Letter to my son". In 1961 Jorn again took up an idea of
a presentation of Old Norse art in book form, the result became an archives
containing more than 25.000 photos by the French photographer Gerard
Franceschi - it was Jorn's intention that the
archives should develop into a center of studies
in Old Norse Art, the Scandinavian Institute for
Comparative Vandalism.
Jorn participated in the Situationist
Movement from 1957 to 1961
- The SI, Situationist International, founded in 1957, was an
artistic and political
avant-garde movement in Italy,
France and Scandinavia - it was a fusion of small artistic tendencies e.g.
"Internationale
pour un Bauhaus Imaginiste" - among the
Danish members were Jorn's brother Joergen Nash and Jens Joergen Thorsen -
the SI culminated during the Student Revolt of May 1968 and was dissolved
in 1972. The artistic goal of the SI was to settle with the
artworld's understanding of the artist/spectator or consumer, who in the capitalist
society was the industry's wage earner and without possibility of artistic
display. The Situationists constructed situations where everybody took an
active part, and it was about to displease.
Jorn became among other things known for his overpaintings, in 1961-62
Jorn paint over a number of paintings from a jumble sale, they were
shown on an exhibition in Paris.
Because of his political
conviction Jorn did
not want to receive the medals
and prizes, he was awarded, e.g. The Eckersberg
Medal and a Guggenheim Prize, likewise he did not want to represent
Denmark at the Venice Biennale. (CoBrA,
Abstract)
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"Untitled", 1951 |
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Painting,
The Danish National Gallery |
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The
drawings, 1953, and the ceramic relief,
1959, were
executed by
Asger Jorn. The 14 m long tapestry "The Long
Journey", executed by Asger Jorn and Pierre
Wemaëre, is
the second weaving from 2000, Aarhus
upper secondary school, Fenrisvej 33. The first
version of "The Long Journey" from 1960 is housed in Silkeborg
Museum of Art. |
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