Robert Jacobsen
Kirsten Petersen © 2008
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Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique (1780-1867). French painter primarily of portraits, and also historical- and religious motifs and bathers, a theme which was one of his favorites. He was a pupil of Jacques Louis David, and opposed to the Romanticism of Eugène Delacroix.
He was born in Montauban as the son of a less known painter and sculptor. In 1791 he had academic training at the "Academy of art" in Toulouse. He went to Paris in 1797 and entered David's studio. He won the Prix de Rome in 1801 and went to Italy in 1806, where he remained until 1824.
In 1820 he moved from Rome to Florence, working mainly on his "Vow of Louis XIII", commissioned for the cathedral of Montauban.
In 1824 he returned to France and remained in Paris for the rest of his life, aside from a period in Rome as director of the French Academy from 1834-41. 
Paintings in the Louvre Museum in Paris: "The Turkish Bath", 1859-63. "
The Grand Odalisque", 1814, the elongated limbs were reminiscent of the mannerist painters. "The Apotheosis of Homer" for a ceiling in the Museum, 1827.
"The Dream of Ossian", 1813 (The Ingres Museum). "The Martyrdom of St. Symphorian", 1834 (the cathedral of Autun). 
At his death he left a bequest of his work to his home town of Montauban, consisting of several paintings and more than 4000 drawings, now housed in The Ingres Museum in the old Episcopal palace. (Neo-Classicism)
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"The Source", 1856,  Musee d'Orsay, Paris
Drawing by Rob ten Berge
"Mademoiselle Rivière", 1805,  Louvre, Paris
"Half-figure of a Bather", 1807
 
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Jacobsen, Egill (1910-1998). Danish CoBrA artist (Abstract)
 
"Iron Gates". Exhibition of haute couture by Erik Mortensen, (The house of Pierre Balmain), August 1989, at North Jutlands Museum of Art, Aalborg, Denmark
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Jacobsen, (Julius Tommy) Robert
(1912-1993). Danish self-taught sculptor and painter. He was born in Copenhagen, and he died in Taagelund near Egtved in South Jutland. Jacobsen acquired international fame with his black abstract iron sculptures - in some of his paintings the shapes of his sculptures can be recognized on coloured backgrounds - black contours and shapes are characterizing his paintings. About 1930 he executed his first wood sculptor, and in 1935 his first so-called dolls were made - imaginative abstractions made of scrap iron. In the early 1940s he created his fable beings in granite and sandstone. In 1947 he moved to Paris together with Richard Mortensen, at Galeri Denise René they came into contact with other artists such as Arp, Dewasne, Vasarely and Poliakoff. Jacobsen began working with iron, it was cheaper and more flexible than stone. 
In the 1960's Jacobsen created his so-called Personages and reliefs in wood and metal. In 1966 he represented Denmark at the Venice Biennale, and together with the French sculptor Etienne Martin, he was awarded the sculpture prize. In 1969 he returned to Denmark and settled in Taagelund. In the 1970s he created a number of sculptures (small set designs). 
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Scupture executed by Robert Jacobsen Marselisborg Palace Park
"The Seven Axles", 1987, group of sculptures at Axeltorv, Copenhagen
Aarnus Music House The Danish National Gallery, Copenhagen
... Late in life he created monumental sculptures - seem to be syntheses of earlier works. Together with his former student, the French Land Art artist Jean Clareboudt, he executed a sculpture park in Toerskind gravel pit near Egtved - the park was inaugurated in 1991. Jacobsen was a collector of African sculptures, which to him expressed the true creative power.
In 1980 he was decorated as a "Knight of the French Legion of Honour".
From 1962-82 he was professor in the art of sculpture at the Munich Academy, and from 1976-83 professor at the The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. (Abstract)
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Jawlensky, Alexey Georgievich (Expressionism
 
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Joensen-Mikines, Samuel (Expressionism)
 
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Jordaens, Jacob (Baroque)
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Jorn, (Joergensen) Asger (1914-1973). Danish painter, ceramic artist, writer and book illustrator of e.g. his brother Joergen Nash's poems. Jorn var born Asger Oluf Joergensen in Vejrum near Struer, in Westjutland, and he died in Aarhus and was buried in Grötlingbo, Gotland, Sweden. 
Jorn's parents were school teacher's, his father Lars Peter died in 1926, and his mother Maren raised their six children on her own. In 1929 the family moved to Silkeborg, Jorn became student teacher. He came into contact with the syndicalist Christian Christensen, a acquaintance which harden his attitude to politics, periodically Jorn was a member of the Communist Party. In 1932 Jorn met the painter Martin Kaalund Joergensen, who prompted him to paint, and invited him to participate with the group "Free Jutlandic painters" in Silkeborg in 1933. After finishing his school teacher education, he decided to become an artist, and in 1936 he went to Paris, where he was apprenticed to Fernand Léger from 1936-37, in Legér's studio he met his lifelong collaborator the French artist
Pierre Wemaëre. From 1937-39 he studied at the Copenhagen Royal Academy of Fine Arts. From 1956 he lived alternately in Paris and in Albisola in Northern Italy. Jorn started as a naturalistic painter, about 1935 he became Cubist, and from 1938-39, influenced by Miró, he had a surrealistic abstract period. About 1940 he got closer the figurative language, which he became best known for. 
He experimented with e.g. collages, tachism and the graphic arts. During World War II Jorn remained in Danmark. In 1941 he was co-founder of "Helhesten", a periodical for  
  Silkeborg Art Gallery, Denmark, houses many of Jorn's works and his collection of Danish and foreign works of art.  
Hoestudstillingen's (the Autumn Exhibition's) abstract expressionistic painters. In 1946 he changed his last name to Jorn. Together with Belgian and Dutch painters Jorn was co-founder of the CoBrA movement. His first solo exhibition in Paris took place in 1948 at the Galerie Breteau. In 1951 Jorn suffered from tuberculosis, and during his stay at Silkeborg Sanatorium, he painted "Livshjulet" (The Wheel of Life), The Danish National Gallery, Copenhagen. In 1953 he went on a long journey to Switzerland, and the following year he went to Albisola, where he worked with ceramics together with Appel and Corneille. In 1954 he was a founder of "Internationale pour un Bauhaus Imaginiste" (International movement for an imaginist Bauhaus). Jorn's revolutionary engagement found expression in the painting "Stalingrad", 1957, Silkeborg Museum of Art - exhibited 1968 in Havanna, Cuba. In 
... 1958 he got his breakthrough at the world exhibition in Brussels with his "Letter to my son". In 1961 Jorn again took up an idea of a presentation of Old Norse art in book form, the result became an archives containing more than 25.000 photos by the French photographer Gerard Franceschi - it was Jorn's intention that the archives should develop into a center of studies in Old Norse Art, the Scandinavian Institute for Comparative Vandalism. 
Jorn participated in the Situationist Movement from 1957 to 1961 - The SI, Situationist International, founded in 1957, was an artistic and political avant-garde movement in Italy, France and Scandinavia - it was a fusion of small artistic tendencies e.g. "Internationale pour un Bauhaus Imaginiste" - among the Danish members were Jorn's brother Joergen Nash and Jens Joergen Thorsen - the SI culminated during the Student Revolt of May 1968 and was dissolved in 1972. The artistic goal of the SI was to settle with the artworld's understanding of the artist/spectator or consumer, who in the capitalist society was the industry's wage earner and without possibility of artistic display. The Situationists constructed situations where everybody took an active part, and it was about to displease.
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orn became among other things known for his overpaintings, in 1961-62 Jorn paint over a number of paintings from a jumble sale, they were shown on an exhibition in Paris. 
Because of his political conviction Jorn did not want to receive the medals and prizes, he was awarded, e.g. The Eckersberg Medal and a Guggenheim Prize, likewise he did not want to represent Denmark at the Venice Biennale.
(CoBrA, Abstract)
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1.
"Stalingrad", 1957,
2. "Untitled", 1951
3. Painting, The Danish National Gallery
The drawings, 1953, and the ceramic relief, 1959, were executed by Asger Jorn. The 14 m long tapestry "The Long Journey", executed by Asger Jorn and Pierre Wemaëre, is the second weaving from 2000, Aarhus upper secondary school, Fenrisvej 33. The first version of "The Long Journey" from 1960 is housed in Silkeborg Museum of Art. 
"Le Long Voyage", 2000, Aarhus upper secondary school
 
 
Kirsten Petersen © 2008
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